{"id":14,"date":"2023-11-21T17:45:09","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T16:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blacksheepcrdm.wordpress.com\/2023\/11\/21\/teamwork-triumphs\/"},"modified":"2025-02-11T11:55:11","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T10:55:11","slug":"teamwork-triumphs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/master-crdm.parisnanterre.fr\/blacksheep\/teamwork-triumphs\/","title":{"rendered":"The Line : utopie urbaine ou dystopie technocratique ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"14\" class=\"elementor elementor-14\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b47dcf6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6b47dcf6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c695a41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c695a41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Par Alexis Lacroix<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3>Une r\u00e9volution ?<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Haute de 500 m\u00e8tres, large de 200 m\u00e8tres et longue de 170 km, The Line est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9\u00b7e comme la r\u00e9ponse aux probl\u00e8mes de mobilit\u00e9 urbaine et de congestion citadine. Imaginez, un mur de miroir construit au milieu du d\u00e9sert, \u00e9quivalant \u00e0 la distance Monaco-Marseille ou Paris-Le Havre. Imaginez une ville sans routes ni voitures, avec une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9e assur\u00e9e par l\u2019intelligence artificielle. Imaginez des taxis volant\u00b7e\u00b7s et des jardins plant\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s en plein d\u00e9sert. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un\u00b7e projet novateur\u00b7trice pour une m\u00e9tropole verticale autonome, ind\u00e9pendante du gouvernement saoudien, destin\u00e9\u00b7e \u00e0 voir le jour. C\u2019est une ville hors du commun qui devrait sortir de terre, structur\u00e9e en trois niveaux. Un sous-sol d\u00e9di\u00e9 aux transports en commun, un niveau interm\u00e9diaire r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux infrastructures, et un niveau sup\u00e9rieur r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux r\u00e9sident\u00b7e\u00b7s.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pour concevoir cette ville du futur, les ing\u00e9nieur\u00b7e\u00b7s du monde entier recrut\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s par les Saoudien\u00b7ne\u00b7s sont parti\u00b7e\u00b7s du principe que la proximit\u00e9 des commerces, des logements, des bureaux, des \u00e9coles et des lieux de vie r\u00e9duit significativement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019effectuer des trajets longs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Dans cette ville-immeuble, les r\u00e9sident\u00b7e\u00b7s auront acc\u00e8s \u00e0 tout ce dont iels ont besoin en moins de cinq minutes. Pas de panique, les d\u00e9placements les plus importants seront assur\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s par un <a href=\"https:\/\/master-crdm.parisnanterre.fr\/blacksheep\/pour-remplacer-lavion-le-train-doit-garder-les-pieds-sur-terre\/\">TGV<\/a> reliant la ville de bout en bout, le tout en moins de vingt minutes.&nbsp;The Line&nbsp;est en fait une r\u00e9interpr\u00e9tation de&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">\u00ab <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">la ville du quart d\u2019heure&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">\u00bb<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">, un concept urbanistique qui vise \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des environnements urbains compacts et accessibles. Ce concept a \u00e9t\u00e9 popularis\u00e9 par la maire de Paris, Anne Hidalgo, dans le cadre de ses efforts pour repenser la ville et r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la voiture. Les habitant\u00b7e\u00b7s peuvent trouver la plupart des services essentiels \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de leur domicile, favorisant ainsi la mobilit\u00e9 durable et la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019usage de la voiture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Cependant, dans le cas de The Line, ce concept est pouss\u00e9\u00b7e encore plus loin en proposant un acc\u00e8s ultra-rapide aux d\u00e9placements interurbains gr\u00e2ce au TGV. Ce qui rend la ville encore plus connect\u00e9\u00b7e et accessible pour ses habitant\u00b7e\u00b7s, tout en offrant une exp\u00e9rience de vie urbaine innovante. Ce projet pharaonique, porteur\u00b7euse de nombreuses promesses, a pr\u00e9vu d\u2019\u00eatre achev\u00e9\u00b7e d\u2019ici 2030, accueillant initialement pr\u00e8s d\u2019un million d\u2019habitants. \u00c0 long terme, The Line aura une capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil de neuf millions de personnes d\u2019ici 2045.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2>Des cons\u00e9quences environnementales majeures<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Si&nbsp;The Line&nbsp;est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une ville neutre en carbone, aliment\u00e9e exclusivement par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables telles que le vent et le soleil, sa construction interroge les scientifiques du monde entier. L\u2019emplacement isol\u00e9 du projet, entre le d\u00e9sert saoudien et le canal de Suez, implique l\u2019utilisation d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles pour acheminer mat\u00e9riaux, m\u00e9taux, b\u00e9tons et verre.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ampleur des chantiers en cours et des activit\u00e9s pr\u00e9vues impactera la faune et la flore de la r\u00e9gion. Les routes migratoires des esp\u00e8ces locales risquent d\u2019\u00eatre obstru\u00e9es par cette muraille de verre, perturbant les modes de vie de milliers d\u2019animaux. De surcro\u00eet, 20 000 membres de la tribu&nbsp;Howeitat, enracin\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Tabuk depuis des si\u00e8cles, sont contraints de quitter leurs terres pour permettre la r\u00e9alisation de&nbsp;The Line. Cette d\u00e9cision a par ailleurs entra\u00een\u00e9 la condamnation \u00e0 mort de trois opposants au r\u00e9gime saoudien.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>En outre, le projet&nbsp;The Line&nbsp;fait partie d\u2019un vaste programme de construction men\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Neom : la construction d\u2019une station de ski Trojena qui accueillera les Jeux Olympiques d\u2019hiver en 2029, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un a\u00e9roport, d\u2019un port d\u2019import-export flottant sur les bords de la mer Rouge, et d\u2019une \u00eele artificielle baptis\u00e9e Sindalah. Autant de projets qui promettent de transformer le paysage de cette r\u00e9gion recul\u00e9e, loin des foyers de populations denses.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Avec un tel projet, l\u2019objectif de Mohammed Ben Salmane est clair : permettre \u00e0 l\u2019Arabie Saoudite de diversifier son \u00e9conomie en vue de r\u00e9duire sa d\u00e9pendance au p\u00e9trole. Accus\u00e9 de&nbsp;Greenwashing, Mohammed Ben Salmane n\u2019est pas r\u00e9put\u00e9 pour \u00eatre un fervent d\u00e9fenseur de l\u2019\u00e9cologie. Quelques mois apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce du projet Neom, il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019Arabie Saoudite augmenterait sa production de p\u00e9trole durant les cinq prochaines ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nombreux sont les observateurs qui qualifient de&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">\u00ab <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">non-sens&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">\u00bb<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">&nbsp;le fait de financer un projet&nbsp;\u00e9co-friendly&nbsp;avec les revenus g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par l\u2019extraction de p\u00e9trole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>En outre, de nombreuses questions restent en suspens. \u00c0 commencer par la gestion des d\u00e9chets. Si la ville z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission peut exister sur le papier, la ville z\u00e9ro d\u00e9chet n\u2019existe pas, pas m\u00eame sur papier. Et face \u00e0 cette probl\u00e9matique de gestion des d\u00e9chets, les Saoudiens et les chercheurs engag\u00e9s sur ce projet restent sans voix. M\u00eame chose pour l\u2019approvisionnement en eau potable. L\u2019Arabie Saoudite est un pays aride. La majeure partie de l\u2019eau potable est obtenue via des usines de dessalement, connues pour leur forte consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles et leur rejet de polluants dans la mer.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3>Future rivale de Miami<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Largement financ\u00e9 par le fonds souverain d\u2019Arabie Saoudite et les revenus de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 p\u00e9troli\u00e8re Aramco, les Saoudiens ont d\u00e9bloqu\u00e9 319 milliards d\u2019euros afin de financer la premi\u00e8re phase du projet pr\u00e9vue pour 2030. Les dirigeants saoudiens s\u2019activent en coulisses afin de trouver des fonds suppl\u00e9mentaires pour financer ce projet difficilement chiffrable. Estim\u00e9e \u00e0 1 000 milliards de dollars, la note promet d\u2019\u00eatre sal\u00e9e. Les dirigeants saoudiens se sont lanc\u00e9s dans une qu\u00eate d\u2019investisseurs priv\u00e9s et compte sur l\u2019entr\u00e9e en bourse de Neom en 2024.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Avec une capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil de 9 millions d\u2019habitants en 2050, The&nbsp;Line pourrait h\u00e9berger 1\/4 de la population d\u2019Arabie Saoudite. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est diff\u00e9rente, cette ville est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 destin\u00e9e \u00e0 une population internationale ais\u00e9e. C\u2019est en tout cas la volont\u00e9 de Mohammed Ben Salmane qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019annonce du projet :&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">\u00ab <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">Neom rivalisera avec Miami en mati\u00e8re de divertissement, de culture, de sport et de shopping&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">\u00bb<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: -0.005em;\">.&nbsp;La construction de&nbsp;The Line&nbsp;s\u2019accompagne d\u2019ailleurs de la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un a\u00e9roport international.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Les ouvriers ont du pain sur la planche. Les travaux d\u2019excavation et de terrassement, d\u00e9but\u00e9s en 2021, ont permis jusqu\u2019alors de dessiner le trac\u00e9 de&nbsp;The Line&nbsp;comme le montre cette image captur\u00e9e par un satellite chinois. Des villes ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 construites afin d\u2019accueillir les ouvriers. Ces villes seront ras\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019issue des travaux en raison de leur emplacement sur le trac\u00e9 direct de&nbsp;The Line, qui n\u2019est plus un simple fantasme mais une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pour concevoir cette ville du futur, les ing\u00e9nieur\u00b7e\u00b7s du monde entier recrut\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s par les Saoudien\u00b7ne\u00b7s sont parti\u00b7e\u00b7s du principe que la proximit\u00e9 des commerces, des logements, des bureaux, des \u00e9coles et des lieux de vie r\u00e9duit significativement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019effectuer des trajets longs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est le projet du si\u00e8cle\u201d selon les observateurs\u00b7rice\u00b7s, qualifi\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s par ses concepteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s de r\u00e9volution citadine. Annonc\u00e9 en grande pompe en 2021 par le prince h\u00e9ritier Mohammed Ben Salmane, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Neom ambitionne de cr\u00e9er une m\u00e9galopole futuriste appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0The Line\u00a0\u00bb dans la province de Tabuk, au nord-ouest de l\u2019Arabie Saoudite. Malgr\u00e9 les promesses, des interrogations subsistent quant \u00e0 sa faisabilit\u00e9 et son potentiel impactenvironnemental.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-edition-2023","category-environnement"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Line : utopie urbaine ou dystopie technocratique ? - Black Sheep<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/master-crdm.parisnanterre.fr\/blacksheep\/teamwork-triumphs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Line : utopie urbaine ou dystopie technocratique ? - Black Sheep\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&quot;C\u2019est le projet du si\u00e8cle\u201d selon les observateurs\u00b7rice\u00b7s, qualifi\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s par ses concepteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s de r\u00e9volution citadine. Annonc\u00e9 en grande pompe en 2021 par le prince h\u00e9ritier Mohammed Ben Salmane, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Neom ambitionne de cr\u00e9er une m\u00e9galopole futuriste appel\u00e9e &quot;The Line&quot; dans la province de Tabuk, au nord-ouest de l\u2019Arabie Saoudite. 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